What is a potential effect of adding salt to water regarding states of matter?

What is a potential effect of adding salt to water regarding states of matter?

• A. It can cause evaporation at a higher rate
• B. It can cause the solution to freeze at a higher temperature
• C. It can create a solid surface on the water
• D. It does not affect states of matter

Answer: (B)

Adding salt to water significantly impacts the freezing point of the solution, a phenomenon known as freezing point depression. When salt (such as sodium chloride) is dissolved in water, it dissociates into its constituent ions. These ions interfere with the ability of water molecules to form a solid structure, which is necessary for freezing. As a result, the presence of salt requires a lower temperature to reach the freezing point compared to pure water. This means that a saltwater solution will remain in a liquid state at temperatures where pure water would typically freeze, effectively lowering the freezing temperature. Consequently, this phenomenon is commonly utilized in various real-world applications, such as de-icing roads in winter or making ice cream in a salt and ice mixture. The other options do not accurately reflect this principle. For instance, while salt can have various effects on evaporation rates, it generally leads to a decrease in evaporation in a closed system because it increases the solution's boiling point and reduces vapor pressure. Creating a solid surface on water is usually not correct regarding salt solutions; rather, it can form crystals when the solution is supersaturated or if too much salt is added and it can no longer remain dissolved. Lastly, stating that salt "does not affect states of matter" overlooks the

Adding salt to water significantly impacts the freezing point of the solution, a phenomenon known as freezing point depression. When salt (such as sodium chloride) is dissolved in water, it dissociates into its constituent ions. These ions interfere with the ability of water molecules to form a solid structure, which is necessary for freezing.

As a result, the presence of salt requires a lower temperature to reach the freezing point compared to pure water. This means that a saltwater solution will remain in a liquid state at temperatures where pure water would typically freeze, effectively lowering the freezing temperature. Consequently, this phenomenon is commonly utilized in various real-world applications, such as de-icing roads in winter or making ice cream in a salt and ice mixture.

The other options do not accurately reflect this principle. For instance, while salt can have various effects on evaporation rates, it generally leads to a decrease in evaporation in a closed system because it increases the solution's boiling point and reduces vapor pressure. Creating a solid surface on water is usually not correct regarding salt solutions; rather, it can form crystals when the solution is supersaturated or if too much salt is added and it can no longer remain dissolved. Lastly, stating that salt "does not affect states of matter" overlooks the